Earth Science Essentials: Volcanoes, Quakes, Fossils

Volcanoes – what they are, why they erupt, parts of a volcano, types (shield,

cinder cone, composite), what comes out, effects, active vs dormant

vs extinct. Earthquakes – what they are, why they happen, tectonic plates,

faults (normal, reverse, strike-slip), focus vs epicenter, seismic waves (P,

S, surface), Richter vs Mercalli scale, aftershocks,

effects. Fossils – what fossils are, how fossils form, conditions for fossil

formation, types of fossils (preserved remains, mineral replacement, carbon films,

molds, casts, trace fossils). Earth history ideas – catastrophism