Foundations of Ancient Civilization

Over 5,000 years ago, the Sumerians invented the first system of writing — pressing

symbols into wet clay to record history. Around the same time, they built the first

known city — Uruk, a place so advanced it had walls, temples, and a written language.

Then came the first laws ever written down. King Hammurabi of Babylon carved his

code into stone over 3,700 years ago, setting rules for justice that influenced

law for centuries. And near Baghdad, archaeologists discovered something shocking — a 2,000-year-old

clay jar that could produce electricity. It’s known as the Baghdad Battery — proof that ancient

people may have understood power long before us. These early creations weren’t just inventions