Ice Age 2

... and kept the mammoth's body heat from escaping, even in temperatures well below freezing.

But mammoths had other adaptations too. Their ears were much smaller than

those of modern elephants, reducing the surface area from which heat could be lost.

Their tails were short and stubby for the same reason. They had a thick layer of fat under

their skin, up to four inches thick in some places, which provided both insulation and energy

storage for times when food was scarce. Mammoths also had a distinctive domed head and a hump

on their shoulders, both of which were partially made of fat deposits. Their blood contained

a special form of hemoglobin that worked efficiently, even in extreme cold,