Methods for Determining Solution pH

Exp. No.: 1AIM: Methods to Determine the pH of the SolutionPH: pH is a measure

of the acidity or alkalinity (base) of a solution. It is defined as the negative logarithm

to the base 10 of the hydrogen ion concentration (in moles/L) of the solution.where ]

= Concentration of hydrogen ions in moles/L.Low pH = More acidic solution (↑H⁺)

High pH = More basic solution (↓H⁺) Neutral = 25°C, pH = 7Methods:Using indicators (Qualitative

or semi-quantitative)Using a pH meter (Potentiometric measurement)Titration with a standard solution (Acid-Base

titration)Using pH strips/Digital test penUsing Indicators: Indicators change colour depending

upon the pH.Litmus paper: Turns red in acidic and blue in basic solution.Universal indicators/pH paper: