Photosynthesis: Light Energy and Abiotic Factors

How is energy from sunlight absorbed and used in photosynthesis? Okay, let’s lock in.

Sunlight is absorbed by chlorophyll, and absorption and action spectra show which wavelengths

actually power photosynthesis. That light energy hits the thylakoid membranes inside the chloroplast,

where Photosystem II and Photosystem I get activated. Water is split, oxygen is released,

and electrons move through the system. This energy is converted into ATP and NADPH, with NADP⁺ acting

as the electron carrier. Then, in the light-independent reactions,

Rubisco uses carbon dioxide to build glucose, storing energy in carbon compounds

that will later fuel cellular respiration. How do abiotic factors interact with photosynthesis? Here’s the deal.