Understanding the Eye and Vision

The sensory reception system enables the body to detect, convert, and interpret stimuli

through specialized receptors—photoreceptors, mechanoreceptors, chemoreceptors, and thermoreceptors—that

transform energy into electrochemical impulses sent to the cerebral cortex, where sensation

becomes perception.<break time="1.0s" /> The eyes, which provide most of the sensory input to the brain,

contain three layers: the protective sclera, the vascular choroid, and the retina with rods and cones that

translate light into neural signals.<break time="1.0s" /> Light passes through the cornea, aqueous humour,

pupil, lens, and vitreous humour to form a sharp, inverted image on

the fovea centralis. <break time="1.0s" /> The iris adjusts pupil size through adaptation, and the lens changes