Biology GCSE AQA Higher Paper 1 Revision Part 1

1. Cell Structure and Types Organisms are classified based on their cellular

complexity. Eukaryotic Cells (Animal and Plant): Contain a nucleus with genetic material.

Both have a cell membrane, cytoplasm, mitochondria (aerobic respiration),

and ribosomes (protein synthesis).Plant-only structures: Rigid cell wall (cellulose), chloroplasts (photosynthesis),

and a permanent vacuole (cell sap).Prokaryotic Cells (Bacteria): Significantly smaller; lack a nucleus.

Genetic material is a single DNA loop and may include small rings called plasmids.

2. Microscopy (Higher Level Skills) Magnification Formula: Magnification = Image size/ Actual

size. Ensure units are consistent (e.g., convert μm to mm by dividing by 1,000).Electron