Emasculation in Plant Breeding

Emasculation is a fundamental technique used by plant breeders to create new and improved crop

varieties. It specifically involves the removal of anthers from a bisexual flower before

they have a chance to shed pollen. To master this process,

we must first identify the anther, filament, stigma, style,

and the ovary. The anther produces pollen, while the filament supports it.

Removing them prevents the flower from self-pollinating. Step one begins with selecting a

suitable flower bud that is mature but has not yet opened. We must carefully

open the bud using forceps, taking extreme care not to damage the delicate central