Evolution of Marketing Across Economic Ages

1. Pre-Industrial Age: Relationship-Based Core: Face-to-face interaction and

deep trust. Product: Tailor-made, customized goods for the wealthy. Marketing: None

required; demand was built-in. 2. Industrial Age: Mass Production

Core: Focus on sales volume and market share. Strategy: Used "Buyer Behavior Theory"

and advertising to build brand loyalty. Control: Companies dominated distribution (e.g.,

franchising) to block competitors. 3. Service Economy Age: Customer-Centric

Core: Service as the primary differentiator. Strategy: "Customer in the middle"; focus on satisfaction

and retention. Success: Measured by high-quality service and segment understanding.