Hypertension: A Clinical Guide

Hypertension affects one point three billion people worldwide, the most modifiable risk factor for

mortality. We consistently underdiagnose it. Let me walk you through what

every clinician needs to know. Prevalence peaks after forty-five, especially in African

American populations with earlier and severe complications. Pathophysiology centers on increased vascular resistance

and altered sodium handling by the kidneys. RAAS activation and sympathetic overactivity create

a perfect storm for end-organ damage. Most patients are asymptomatic, which is why

we call it the silent killer. When symptoms appear, headaches, visual changes,

and dyspnea signal advanced disease. Diagnosis requires two readings on separate occasions above one-forty